Journal Papers

  • Falborski, T., G. Murtas, Elkady, A., D. Lignos and A. Kanvinde (2025). "Evaluation of overstrength-based interaction checks for columns in steel moment frames." Journal of Constructional Steel Research: 224(1), DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2024.109123
  • Kendall, G., Belyi, A., and Elkady, A. (2024). "Experimental Investigation of Welded Steel T-stub Components under High Loading Rates." Journal of Constructional Steel Research: 220(1), DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2024.108851
  • Georgiou, G., and Elkady, A. (2024). "ANN-Based Model for Predicting the Nonlinear Response of Flush Endplate Connections." ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering: 150(5), DOI: 10.1061/JSENDH.STENG-13119
  • Ding, Z. and Elkady, A. (2023). “Semi-Rigid Bolted End-Plate Moment Connections: Review and Experimental-Based Assessment of Available Predictive Models.”. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering: 149(9). DOI: 10.1061/JSENDH.STENG-11797
  • Elkady, A. (2022). “Response Characteristics of Flush End-Plate Connections.”. Engineering Structures: 269(1). DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114856
  • Elkady, A. (2021). “FM-2D: Open-Source Platform for the Numerical Modeling and Seismic Analysis of Buildings.”. SoftwareX. DOI: 10.1016/j.softx.2021.100927
  • Mak, L. and Elkady, A. (2021). “Experimental Database for Steel Flush End-Plate Connections.” ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering: 147(7). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0003064
  • Skiadopoulos, A., Elkady, A., and Lignos, D.G. (2021). “Proposed Panel Zone Model for Seismic Design of Steel Moment-Resisting Frames.” ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering: 147(4). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002935. ASCE 2022 Raymond C. Reese Research Prize.
  • Elkady, A., and Lignos, D.G. (2020). “EaRL – Software for Earthquake Risk, Loss and Lifecycle assessment.” SoftwareX: 12. DOI:
  • El Jisr, H., Elkady, A., and Lignos, D.G. (2020). “Hysteretic Behavior of Moment-Resisting Frames Considering Slab Restraint and Framing Action.” ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering: 146(8). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002696.
  • Cravero, J., Elkady, A., and Lignos, D.G. (2020). “Experimental Evaluation and Numerical Modeling of Wide-Flange Steel Columns Subjected to Constant and Variable Axial Load Coupled with Lateral Drift Demands.” ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering: 146(3). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002499.
  • Elkady, A., Guell, G. and Lignos, D.G. (2020). “Proposed Methodology for Building-Specific Earthquake Loss Assessment Including Column Residual Axial Shortening.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics: 49(4) DOI: 10.1002/eqe.3242.
  • El-Jisr, H., Elkady, A., Lignos, D.G. (2019). “Composite Steel Beam Database for Seismic Design and Performance Assessment of Composite-Steel Moment-Resisting Frame Systems.” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. DOI: 10.1007/s10518-019-00564-w.
  • Lignos, D.G., Hartloper, A., Elkady, A., Hamburger, R., and Deierlein, G. G. (2019). “Proposed Updates to the ASCE 41 Nonlinear Modeling Parameters for Wide-Flange Steel Columns in Support of Performance-based Seismic Engineering.” ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering: 145 (9). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002353. ** Editor’s Choice September 2019** Most Downloaded 2019** Most Cited 2019-2022**
  • Elkady, A., Ghimire, S., and Lignos, D.G. (2018). “Fragility Curves for Wide-Flange Steel Columns and Implications on Building-Specific Earthquake-Induced Loss Assessment.” Earthquake Spectra. DOI: 10.1193/122017eqs260m.
  • Elkady, A. and Lignos, D.G. (2018). “Improved seismic design and nonlinear modeling recommendations for wide-flange steel columns.” ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002166. ** Most read article in July 2018 **
  • Elkady, A. and Lignos, D.G. (2018). “Full-scale testing of deep wide-flange steel columns under multiaxis cyclic loading: loading sequence, boundary effects, and out-of-plane force demands.” ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering: 14 (2). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001937.
  • Elkady, A. and Lignos, D.G. (2015). “Effect of gravity framing on the overstrength and collapse capacity of steel frame buildings with perimeter special moment frames.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics: 44 (8): 1289-1307. DOI: 10.1002/eqe.2519. **Most cited article in the Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics for the year 2015/2016 **
  • Elkady, A. and Lignos, D.G. (2015). “Analytical investigation of the cyclic behavior and plastic hinge formation in wide-flange steel beam-columns.” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering: 13 (7): 1097-1118. DOI: 10.1007/s10518-014-9640-y.
  • Elkady, A. and Lignos, D.G. (2014). “Modeling of the composite action in fully restrained beam-to-column connections: implications in the seismic design and collapse capacity of steel special moment frames.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics: 43 (13): 1935-1954. DOI: 10.1002/eqe.2430.

International Conferences

  • Xu, H., Ding, Z. and Elkady, A. (2024). “Traditional and Machine-Learning Numerical Models for Partial-Strength Extended Endplate Connections.” The 11th International Conference on Behavior of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas (STESSA2024). July 8-10, 2024, Salerno, Italy. Paper #47 pp 541–549. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62884-9_47
  • Ding, Z. and Elkady, A. (2024). “An Empirical Spring Model for Simulating Bolt Fracture Considering Uncertainty.” The 11th International Conference on Behavior of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas (STESSA2024). July 8-10, 2024, Salerno, Italy. Paper #46 pp 532–540. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62884-9_46
  • Ding, Z. and Elkady, A. (2023). “Accuracy assessment of predictive models for semi-rigid extended end-plate connections.” The 10th Eurosteel conference. September 12-14, Amsterdam, Netherlands. DOI: 10.1002/cepa.2242
  • Georgiou, G. and Elkady, A. (2023). “Predicting Flush End Plate Connections Response Using Artificial Neural Networks.” The 10th Eurosteel conference. September 12-14, Amsterdam, Netherlands. DOI: 10.1002/cepa.2241
  • Kazantzi, A. K. Miranda, E., Vamvatsikos, D., Elkady, A., and Lignos, D. (2022). “Analytical Studies in Support of an Improved Approach to the Design of Acceleration-Sensitive Nonstructural Elements.” The 5th International Workshop on the Seismic Performance of Non-Structural Elements (SPONSE). December 05-07, California, USA.
  • Elkady, A., Vamvatsikos, D., Lignos, D., Kazantzi, A. K. and Miranda, E. (2022). “Experimental Studies to Validate an Improved Approach to the Design of Acceleration-Sensitive Nonstructural Element” The 5th International Workshop on the Seismic Performance of Non-Structural Elements (SPONSE). December 05-07, California, USA.
  • Elkady, A. and Lignos, D.G., (2022). “EaRL: An Open-Source Software for Earthquake Risk, Loss and Lifecycle Assessment.” The 13th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability (ICOSSAR). June 20-24, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
  • Elkady, A. and Mak, L. (2022). “Data Driven Evaluation of Existing Numerical Modelling Guidelines for Semi-Rigid Connections.” The 10th International Conference on the Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas (STESSA). May 25-27, Timisoara, Romania.
  • Skiadopoulos, A., Elkady, A., and Lignos, D.G. (2021). “Improved Proposed Panel Zone Model for Seismic Design of Steel Moment-Resisting Frames.” The 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (WCEE). June 25-29, Sendai, Japan. **17WCEE Early career and student award for best paper**
  • Lignos, D.G., Hartloper, A., Elkady, A., Hamburger, R., and Deierlein, G. G. (2018). “Revised ASCE-41 Modeling Recommendations for Moment-Resisting Frame Systems.” The 11th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering (NCEE). June 25-29, Los Angeles, California.
  • Elkady, A., Hwang, S. H., and Lignos, D.G. (2018). “EaRL: Toolbox for Earthquake Risk and Loss Assessment of Building Assets.” The 16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering (ECEE). June 18-21, Thessaloniki, Greece.
  • Elkady, A., Cravero, J., and Lignos, D.G. (2018). “Steel Columns under Multi-Axis Seismic Loading: Experimental Findings and Design Recommendations.” The 9th International Conference on Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas, STESSA ‘18. February 14-17, Christchurch, New Zealand.
  • Lignos, D.G., Elkady, A., Suzuki Y., and Hartloper, A. (2017). “Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of Steel Columns for Performance-Based Seismic Assessment of Steel Moment Frames.” The International Workshop on Performance-Based Seismic Design of Structures (PESDES 2017). October 13-15, 2017, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
  • Elkady, A. and Lignos, D.G. (2017). “Development of Bidirectional Cyclic Lateral Loading Protocols for Experimental Testing of Steel Wide-Flange Columns.” The 3rd Huixian International Forum on Earthquake Engineering for Young Researchers. August 11-12, 2017, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Chicago, USA.
  • Elkady, A. and Lignos, D.G. (2017). “Stability Requirements of Deep Steel Wide-Flange Columns under Cyclic Loading.” The annual stability conference (NASCC). March 21-24, 2017, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
  • Elkady, A. and Lignos, D.G. (2017). “Full-Scale Cyclic Testing of Deep Slender Wide-Flange Steel Beam-Columns under Unidirectional and Bidirectional Lateral Drift Demands.” The 16th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 16WCEE. 9-13 January 2017, Santiago, Chile. Paper No. 944.
  • Lignos, D.G., Cravero, J., and Elkady, A. (2016). “Experimental Investigation of the Hysteretic Behavior of Wide-Flange Steel Columns under High Axial Load and Lateral Drift Demands.” The 11th Pacific Structural Steel Conference. October 26-28, 2016, Shanghai, China.
  • Auger, K., Balazadeh, Y., Elkady, A., Imanpour, A., Leclerc, M., Lignos, D.G., Toutant, G., and Tremblay, R. (2016). “Multi-Directional Structural Component Hybrid Testing System for the Assessment of the Seismic Response of Steel I-Shaped Columns.” The 11th Pacific Structural Steel Conference. October 26-28, 2016, Shanghai, China.
  • Elkady, A. and Lignos, D.G. (2016). “Dynamic Stability of Deep and Slender Wide-Flange Steel Columns – Full Scale Experiments.” The annual stability conference (NASCC). April 13-15, 2016, Orlando, Florida, USA.
  • Lignos, D.G. and Elkady, A. (2016). “Effect of Composite Beam Action on the Hysteretic Behavior of Fully-Restrained Beam-to-Column Connections under Cyclic Loading.” The 8th International Workshop on Connection in Steel Structures (Connections VIII). May, 2016, Boston, MA, USA.
  • Hwang, S.-H., Elkady, A. and Lignos, D.G. (2015). “Design Decision Support for Steel Frame Buildings through Earthquake-Induced Loss Assessment.” The 2nd ATC & SEI Conference on Improving the Seismic Performance of Existing Building and Other Structures. 10–12 December 2015, San Francisco, California, USA.
  • Elkady, A. and Lignos, D.G. (2015). “Seismic design criteria for steel moment resisting frames for collapse risk mitigation.” The 8th International Conference on Behavior of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas (STESSA2015). July 1-3, 2015, Shanghai, China. Paper #102.
  • Hwang S.H., Elkady A., Al.Bardaweel S. and Lignos D.G. (2015). “Earthquake loss assessment of steel frame buildings designed in highly seismic regions.” The 5th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Eng. (COMPDYN 2015). 25–27 May 2015, Crete Island, Greece.
  • Elkady, A. and Lignos, D.G. (2013). “Cyclic behavior of deep slender wide-flange steel beam-columns under combined lateral drift and axial load.” The 10th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, NCEE. Paper no. 887.
  • Elkady, A. and Lignos, D.G. (2013). “Collapse assessment of steel moment resisting frames designed with deep members.” Vienna Congress on Recent Advances in Earthquake Eng. and Structural Dynamics, Vienna, Austria, 28-30 August 2013. Paper No. 249 (Invited Paper)
  • Elkady, A. and Lignos, D.G. (2013). “Effect of composite action on the dynamic stability of special steel moment resisting frames designed in seismic regions.” The ASCE Structures Congress. Pittsburg, PA, 2-4 May 2013. Paper No. 881‎.
  • Elkady, A. and Lignos, D.G. (2012). “Dynamic stability of deep slender steel columns as part of special MRFs designed in seismic regions: finite element modeling.” First International Conference on Performance-Based and Life-Cycle Structural Engineering, PLSE, Hong Kong 5-7 December 2012 (Invited Paper).
  • Elkady, A. and Chouinard, L.E. (2012). “Calculating modal target epsilons from multiple GMPE models: A case study for Montréal.” The 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 15WCEE. 24-28 September 2012, Lisbon, Portugal. Paper No. 5760.

Invited Talks and Seminars

  • 2022 “Recent developments in the numerical modeling guidelines for rigid and flexible steel frame connections.” The Society for Earthquake and Civil Engineering Dynamics (SECED) Annual General Meeting at ICE Headquarters, London, UK. 26 October 2022.
  • 2019 “Seismic performance of wide-flange steel columns recent experimental & numerical research findings.” The National Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) seminar series at Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA. 21 November 2019.
  • 2019 “Damage in steel columns and implications on earthquake-induced losses in steel frame buildings.” The 2nd National Conference on Disaster Prevention & Resilience for Urban & Rural Built Environment. 4-7 December 2019, Harbin, China.
  • 2019 “Quantification and mitigation of collapse risk in steel moment frame buildings.” The EPICentre, University College London. 13 December 2019, London, UK.